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Digitized by the Internet Archive 
in 2010 with funding from 
The Library of Congress 



http://www.archive.org/details/americasindustriOOpitt 



^ 



\ \ ' J 

America's Industrial Centre. 

T 

pittsburgh's 
Great Industries, 



AND ITS 



ENORMOUS DEVELOPMENT 



IN THE 



Leading Products of the World. 



TWO THOUSAND I.OADiiD FREIGHT CARS ENTER AND ONE THOUSAND 
DEPART DAILY FROM PITTSBURGH AND AIvI^EGHENY. 



o;-' coa/- 



PREPARED BY 

'/ 
J. NIORTON HA-lJ5^.r_ 

C 



FEB 29 1892 



A 



COPYRIGHTED BY 

CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. 

PITTSBURGH : 

Printed by Wm. G. Johnston & Co. 

1891. 






PREFACE. 



For historical events we are indebted to the " Cen- 
tennial History of Allegheny County," and the works pub- 
lished by Mr. Geo. H. Thurston; information from the 
" Press," and the " Pittsburgh and Allegheny Review," has 
been of value. As to figures, they have been secured from 
sources altogether reliable, and are authentic. 



Chamber of Commerce of Pittsburgh. 

Officers for 1890-91. 



PRESIDENT, 

George A. Kelly. 

vice presidents, 
Keuben Miller, George H. Anderson, 

John H. Ricketson, Henry Holdship, 

James B. Scott, John B. Jackson. 

directors, 
S. L. McHenry, James Allison, 

Charles Meyran, Peter Dick, 

H. Kirk Porter, John F. Dravo, 

John Bindley, J. D. Bernd, 

D. C, Herbst, E. T. Dravo, 

S. P. Harbison, M. At wood, 

R. MuNROE, J. Morton Hall, 

Chas. W. Batchelor, A. B. Wigley, 

B. L. Wood, Jr., James J. Donnell, 

Wm. McClelland, Alex. Murdock, 

Thos. p. Roberts, A. J. Logan, 

Morrison Foster, Wm. McConway, 
W. P. Herbert. 

SECRETARY, 

S. L. McHenry. 

treasurer, 
Charles Meyran. 

superintendent, 
g. follansbee. 



Standing Committees 1890-91 



Chaeles Meyran, 



EXECUTIVE. 
John B. Jackson, 

S. P. Harbison, Charles J. Clarke, 

Thomas P. Roberts. 



ARBITRATION. 

John Bindley, 
S. L. McHenry, S. S. Marvin, J. Klee, 

D. R Speer, F. T. Lusk. 



R. H, BoGGs, 



MANUFACTURES. 

John H. Ricketson, 

C. L. Fitzhugh, Henry Phipps, Jr., Wm. McConway, 

J. S. Slagle, E. T. Dravo, A. J. Logan. 

TRANSPORTATION AND RAILROADS. 

James B. Scott, 
Henry Holdship, John B. Jackson, R. Munroe, 

E. H. Myers, J. H. McKelvy, J. Morton Hall. 

RIVERS AND HARBORS. 

John F. Dravo, 

Charles W. Batchelor, Thomas P. Roberts, B. L. Wood, Jr. , 

Simpson Horner, John A. Wood, W. W. O'Neil. 



FINANCE AND BANKING. 

Reuben Milled, 

George W. Dilworth, Wm. A. Robinson, J. S. Scully, 

Thos. p. Day, George B. Hill, James J. Donnell. 



MINERAL PRODUCTS, 
A. B. WiGLEY, 

H. C. Fkick, S. M. Wickersham, Calvin Wells, 
M. Oppbnheimer, a, F. Keating. 

LEGISLATION. 
George H. Anderson, 
H. K. Porter. Wm. McClelland, D. C. Herbst, 

Morrison Foster, J. F. Slagle, W. P. Herbert. 

STATISTICS. 

James Allison, 
Peter Dick, M. Atwood, W. P. De Armitt, 

J. D. Bernd, Alex. Murdock, A. P. Burchfield. 

TRADE RELATIONS WITH SOUTH AMERICAN REPUBLICS 

John F. Dravo, 
H. K. Porter, John Bindley. 



TTTTT 



LIST OF MEMBERS 



Chamber of Commerce of Pittsburgh. 



NAMES. 

Allison & Co., James, 
Anderson & Co., George H., 
Adams & Co., 
Atterbury & Co., 
Allemannia Fire Ins. Co., 
AtAvood & McCaffrey, 
Abel, Smith & Co., 
Arbuckles & Co., 
Armstrong & McKelvy, 
Arbuthnot, Stephenson & Co., 
Armor Lith. Co., Lim., 
Allen, W. H., 
Anderson, D. M., 
Ayers, Henry C, Gen'l Agt., 
Allegheny National Bank, 
Anchor Bank, 
Brown Sons, Wm. H., 
Bradley, John, 
Bigelow, E. M., 
Boyts, John H., 
Byers & Co., A. M., 
Bindley Hardware Co., 
Beymer-Bauman Lead Co., 
Bernd & Co., J. D., 
Bailey, Farrell & Co., 
Bradley & Co., A., 
Berry, Geo. A., 
Bissell & Co., 
Brown & Co., 
Boatmans Insurance Co. , 
Baer, C. C, ; 



BUSINESS. 

Presbyterian Banner. 

Fire Brick Manufacturers. 

Glass Manufacturers. 

Glass Manufacturers. 

Pittsburgh, Pa. 

Brass Founders and Iron Pipe Fitters. 

Window Glass Manufacturers. 

Wholesale Grocers. 

White Lead and Color Works. 

Wholesale Dry Goods. 

Lithographing. 

Wall Paper. 

Coal, Venetia, Pa. 

N. W. Mutual Life Ins. Co. 

Pittsburgh. 

Pittsburgh. 

Coal and Coke. 

Merchant Tailor. 

Chief of Public Works. 

Coke. 

Iron and Pipe Manufactui'ers. 

Wholesale Hardware. 

White Lead Manufacturers. 

Wholesale Millinery, etc. 

Manufacturers of Lead, Shot, etc. 

Stove Manufacturers. 

Bank President. 

Stoves, Ranges, Mantels, etc. 

Wayne Iron and Steel Works. 

Pittsburgh. 

Dealer in Tobacco, Cigars, etc. 



NAMES. 

Bovard, Rose & Co., 

Batchelor, Chas. W. , 

Buifum & Co., 

Black & Co., Sam'l W., 

Bailey, John D., 

Boggs & Buhl, 

Bank of Pittsburgh, 

Browne, Geo. H., 

Bidwell, D. W. C, 

Braden, N. J., 

Boyer, J. B., 

Biggert, John D., 

Black & Baird, 

Biggert, James C, Gen'l Agt., 

Crescent Steel Co., 

Campbell & Dick, 

Clark, Sou & Co., Wm., 

Citizens National Bank, 

Carpenter, C. A. , 

Clarke, Chas. J., 

Carnegie Bros. & Co., Lim., 

Carnegie, Phipps & Co., Lim., 

Chess, Cook & Co., 

Clearfield Fire Brick Co., 

Craig, Joseph W., 

Cluley, John F., 

Gallery & Co., James, 

Central Bank, 

Central Dist. Print. & Tel. Co.. 

Collingwood & Son, Wm., 

Cunningham, D. 0., 

Cochrane, A. P., 

Cain Brothers, 

Dollar Savings Bank, 

Diamond National Bank, 

Duquesne National Bank, 

Dil worth, Porter & Co., 

Duff & Sons, P., 

Dilworth Brothers, 

Denniston, J. F., 



BUSINESS. 

Dealers in Carpets, Oil Cloths, etc. 

Bank President. 

Bottlers, Soda Water, Beer, etc. 

Real Estate Agents. 

Stock Bi'oker. 

Dry Goods, Allegheny, Pa. 

Pittsburgh. 

Gen'l Manager Philadelphia Co, 

Gun Powder. 

Commission Cheese and Butter. 

Proprietor Hotel Boyer. 

Fire and Life Insurance. 

Real Estate Agents. 

Penn Mutual Life Ins. Co. 

Crescent Steel Works. 

Dry Goods, etc. 

Solar Iron and Steel Works. 

Pittsburgh. 

Freight Agent, Pennsylvania R. R. 

Pittsburgh. 

Manufacturers of Steel and Iron. 

Manufacturers of Steel and Iron. 

Mfrs. of Nails, Spikes and Tacks. 

Fire Brick. 

Oil Producer. 

Painter and Glazier. 

Tanners and Leather Dealers. 

Pittsburgh. 

Pittsburgh. 

Fire and Steam Boiler Insurance. 

Glass Manufacturer. 

Manager Revere Rubber Co. 

Boot and Shoe Dealers. 

Pittsburgh . 

Pittsburgh. 

Pittsburgh. 

Manufacturers of Railroad Spikes. 

Manufacturers' Agents. 

Wholesale Grocers. 

City Treasurer. 



NAMES. 

Dalzell & Co., L. W., 
Dispatch Publishing Co., 
Dickey & Co., R., 
Demmler Brothers, 
Dunlap, John, 
Dun & Co., R. G., 
De Armitt, W. P., 
Drake & Stratton, 
Drape & Co., J. W., 
Dravo, John F., 
Darlington, H., 
Duncan & Sons, George, 
Dempster, Alex., 
Douthett, A. T. , 
Dermitt, E. H., 
Dalzell, John, 

Duquesne Print, & Pub . Co. 
Exchange National Bank, 
Ewart & Co., S., 



BUSINESS. 

Iron Commission. 

Daily and Weekly Dispatch. 

Commission Merchants. 

House Furnishing Goods. 

Tinners' Supplies. 

Mercantile Agency. 

Pres. N. Y. & C. Gas Coal Co. 

Contractors. 

Real Estate Agents and Stock Brokers. 

Surveyor of Customs, U. S. 

Elba Iron and Bolt Co. 

Glass Manufacturers. 

Pres. Pittsburgh Coal Co. 

Sec'y of Porter & Douthett, Lini. 

Mgr. N. England Mutual Life Ins. Co. 

Member of Congress, 2 2d District. 

Pittsburgh. 

Pittsburgh. 

Wholesale Grocers. 

Printers, Stationers, etc. 



Eichbaum & Co., Jos., 

Eberhardt & Ober Brewing Co., Brewers and Bottlers. 

Evans, Thomas, Glass Manufacturer. 

English, H. D. W., Gen'l Agent Berkshire Life Ins. Co 

First National Bank, Pittsburgh. 

Fort Pitt National Bank, Pittsburgh. 

Farmers Deposit National Bank, Pittsburgh. 



Frick Coke Co., H. C, 
Foster, Morrison, 
Flaccus & Son, W., 
Flaccus, C. L., 
Fisher, Wm., 
French, A., 
Friday, Wm. J., 
Floersheim, Henry, 
Germania Savings Bank, 
German National Bank, 
Garrison Foundry Co., A., 
Godfrey & Clark, 
Guckenheimer & Bros., A. 
Gusky, J. M., 



Connellsville Coke. 

Coal. 

Tanners and Leather Dealers. 

Mfr. of Flint Glass Bottles. 

Engine Builder, Founder, etc. 

A. French Spring Co. 

Wholesale Liquors. 

Coal, Finleyville, Pa. 

Pittsburgh. 

Pittsburgh. 

Founders, Machinists, etc. 

Paper and Paper Sack Manufacturers. 

Distillers. 

Clothier, Boots, Shoes, Hats, etc. 



NAMES. 

Grafe, E. A, 

Gillespie, W. K., 

German Fire Insurance Co., 

G winner, Fred., 

Gibbs, W. M., 

Granger, W. M., 

Groetzinger & Sons, A., 

GrafE & Co., 

Hussey & Co., C. G., 

Holmes & Sons, N., 

Harbison & Walker, 

Home & Co., Joseph, 

Haslage & Son, Wra., 

Holdship, Henry, 

Hostetter Co., 

Hamburger, P., 

Hugus & Hacke, 

Herron & Sons, Wm. A., 

Horner & Roberts, 

Haworth & Dewliurst, 

Hill & Co., Geo. B., 

Hackett, Thomas, 

Home & Ward, 

Howe, Brown & Co., 

Hall, J. Morton, 
Humbert, C. H., 
Holland, W. J., 
Hunt & Clapp, 
Hammond, Wm. J., 
Haines, John E. , 
Henricks Music Co., 
Heinz, H. J., 
Hook, Charles, 
Iron City National Bank, 
Iron City Brewing Co. 
Iron City Tool Works, 
Jones & Laughlins, 
Johnston & Co., Wm. G., 
Jenkins, T. C, 
Jackson, -John B., 



9 

BUSINESS. 

Grain Commission. 

Wholesale Grocer. 

Pittsburgh. 

Contractor. 

White Lead. 

Gen'l Agent Guarantee Co. of N. A. 

Tanners. 

Stoves, Ranges, etc. 

Copper and Brass Rolling Mills. 

Bankers. 

Star Fire Brick Works. 

Importers and Jobbers of Dry Goods. 

Grocers. 

Pittsburgh. 

Manufacturers of Bitters. 

Wholesale Liquors. 

Dry Goods. 

Real Estate Agents. 

Coal Miners and Shippers. 

Wholesale Grocers. 

Dealers in Stocks. 

Coal Dealer and Oil Producer. 

Trimmings, Millinery, etc. 

Steel Works. 

Pres. Pitts. & Chicago Gas Coal Co. 

Plumbing and Gas Fitting. 

Chancellor, Western University. 

Metallurgical Engineers and Chemists . 

Scrap Metal Dealer. 

Bookkeeper, Masonic Bank. 

Pianos and Organs. 

Mfr. of Pickles, Preserves, etc. 

Pres. Pgh. & Bellevernon Coal Co. 

Pittsburgh . 

Pittsburgh . 

Pittsburgh . 

American Iron and Steel Works. 

Printers and Stationers. 

Wholesale Grocer. 

Pres. Fidelity Title and Trust Co. 



NAMES. 

Keystone Bank, 

Kelly & Co., Geo. A., 

King, Thomas M., 

Keystone Bridge Co., 

Klee & Falk, 

Kier Brothers, 

King Glass Co. , 

Lindsay & McCutcheon, 

Lloyd, Son & Co., H., 

Logan, Gregg & Co. , 

Lockhart & Frew, 

Lawrence & Co., W. W., 

Leader Publishing Co., 

Leggate & Son, A., 

Lusk, F. T. , State Agent Mut. 

Lindsay & Co., James C, 

Lindenthal, Gustav, 

Lyne, W. C, 

Logan & Co., A. J., 

Lightfoot, Benj. H., 

M. and M. National Bank, 

Masonic Bank, 

M. and M Insurance Co. , 

Monongahela Insurance Co., 

Moorhead-McCleane Co., 

Marvin Br. U. S. Baking Co., 

Munroe & Son, R., 

Mackintosh, Hemphill & Co., 

Metcalf , Paul & Co., 

Myers & Co., E. H., 

Murdoch, John R.& A., 

Mellor & Hoene, 

Mellon, Thomas, 

Morris, Geo. W., 

Moore, L. S., 

Murdoch, A. M. & J. B., 

Moorhead, Jr. , John, 

Macbeth & Co., Geo. A., 

Marshall-Kennedy Milling Co., 

McKee & Bros. , 



10 

BUSINESS. 

Pittsburgh. 

Wholesale Druggists. 

Vice President, B. & O. R. R. 

Iron Bridges, etc. 

Wholesale Pants Manufacturers. 

Fire Brick. 

Table Glassware Manufacturers. 

Iron Works. 

Iron Manufacturers. 

Wholesale Hardware. 

Pittsburgh. 

Paint Manufacturers. 

Evening and Sunday Leader. 

Real Estate. 

Benefit Life Ins. Co., Newark, N. J. 

Wholesale Hardware. 

Civil Engineer. 

Insurance Agent. 

Mattresses and Bedding. 

Gen. Agt. Provident Life & Trust Co. 

Pittsburgh. 

Pittsburgh. 

Pittsburgh. 

Pittsburgh. 

Soho Iron and Steel Works. 

Wholesale Cracker Baikers, etc. 

West Point Boiler Works. 

Founders, Machinists, etc. 

Verona Tool Works. 

Pork Packers. 

Nurserymen, Florists and Seedsmen . 

Pianos and Organs. 

T. Mellon & Sons, Bankers. 

Manager A. French Spring Co. 

Manager Fairbanks & Co. Scales. 

Florists and Nurserymen. 

Of Vesuvius Iron and Nail Works. 

Flint Glass Works. 

Flour. 

Flint Glass Manufacturers. 



11 



NAMES. 

McCuUy &Co., Wm., 
McClmtock& Co., O., 
McConway & Torley Co., 
McKee & Co., S., 
McHenry, S. L., 
McCliire, Alex., 
McKinnie , Henry, 
McKeau, James S., 
McCandless, Alex. M., 
McClelland, Wm. , 
McCormick, J. J., 
N. Y. & C. Gas Coal Co., 
ISTational Tube Works, 
Noble, D. C, 
Oliver Iron and Steel Co., 
O'Neil Coal Co., W. W., 
Oppenlieimer & Co., M., 
Oil Well Supply Co., 
Oliver & Roberts Wire Co., 
Pittsburgh Bank for Savings, 
Peoples National Bank, 
Peoples Savings Bank, 
Pennsylvania National Bank, 
Park, Brother & Co., 
Phillips, Nimick & Co., 
Pennsylvania Lead Co. 
Painter & Sons, J., 
Pittsburgh Gas Co., 
Porter, H. K., 
Pittsburgh Times, 
Pitcairn, R., 
Pittsburgh Supply Co., 
Pittsburgh Steel Casting Co., 
Pittsb. Loco, and Car Works, 
Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co., 
Phillips, J. & H., 
Post Printing & Publishing Co. 
Peoples Insurance Company, 
Pew, J. N., 
Quincy, W. C, 



BUSINESS. 

Glass Manufacturers. 
Carpets, Oil Cloths, etc. 
Malleable Iron Castings. 
Glass Manufactui'ers. 
Dollar Savings F. & T. Co., Allegheny. 
Pittsb'gh Saw Mill and Box Factory. 
Proprietor Hotel Anderson. 
Post Master. 
Physician. 

Att'y and Adjt. General, Penn'a. 
Steamship x^gent, etc. 
Coal. 

Wrought Iron Pipe Manufacturers. 
Secretary A. French Spring (yO. 
Iron and Heavy Hardware Mfrs. 
Coal Miners and Shippers. 
Wholesale Clothing. 
Mfrs. of goods for drilling Avells. 
Steel Wire Manufacturers. 
Pittsburgh. 
Pittsburgh. 
Pittsburgh. 
Pittsburgh. 

Black Diamond Steel Works. 
Sligo Rolling Mill. 
Pittsburgh. 

Iron Manufacturers. • 

Pittsburgh. 
Light Locomotives. 
Daily Times. 

Supt. Pennsylvania Railroad. 
Natural Gas & Steam Fittings, etc. 
Steel Castings. 
Pittsburgh. 

Manufacturers of Plate Glass. 
Oil Cloths and Rubber Goods. 
, Publishers Daily and Weekly Post. 
Pittsburgh. 

President Peoples Natural Gas Co. 
Manager Jones & Laughlins. 



NAMES. 

Robinson Brothers, 

Rhodes, Joshua, 

Robinson-Rea Mfg. Co. , 

Reymer & Bro., 

Rosenbaum & Co., 

Reinecke & Co., 

Roberts, Thomas P., 

Rees & Sons, James, 

Rahm, Frank, 

Reineman, George, 

Shoenberger & Co., 

Spang, Chalfant & Co., 

Schmertz & Co., Wm. E., 

Schmertz & Co., R. C, 

Scaife & Sons, W. B., 

Scaife Foundry & Machine Co. 

Scott & Co., James B., 

Singer, Nimick & Co., 

Standard Oil Company, 

Siebenick, J. G., 

Slagle, J. F., 

Slagle, J. S., 

Stevenson & Co., Geo. K., 

Severance, S., 

Smith Bros. & Co., 

Standard Manufacturing Co., 

Star Encaustic Tile Co., 

Sailor, A. L., 

Smith, E. D., 

Smith, Percy F., 

Speer & Co., D. R., 

Shaw Brothers, 

Schuette, Wm., 

Schlosser, John B., 

Schmidt, G. W., 

Speer, J. Howard, 

Schoeneck & Son, P. C, 

Samson, H., 

Shaw, W. C, 

Safe Deposit Company, 



12 

BUSINESS. 

Bankers. 

President Pennsylvania Tube Works. 
Machinists, Founders, etc. 
Wholesale Confectioners and Grocers. 
Wholesale and Retail Millinery. 
Plumbers and Gas Fitters. 
Chief Engr. Monongahela Nav. Co. 
Boiler Works. 
Pittsburgh. 
Restaurant. 
Juniata Iron Works. 
Etna Iron Works. 
Wholesale Boots and Shoes. 
Window Glass Manufacturers. 
Sheet and Plate Iron Works, etc. 
, Founders and Machinists. 
Metals, Copper, Tin Plate, etc . 
Sheffield Steel Works. 
Oil Refiners, etc. 

Editor Evening Chronicle Telegraph. 
Associate Judge Common Pleas No. 1 . 
Iron Commission. 
Grocers. 

Spike and Rivet Manufacturer. 
La Belle Steel Works. 
Founders and Enamelers. 
Pittsburgh. 

Merchant Tailor and Clothier. 
Div. Pass. Agent, B. & O. R. R. 
Book and Job Printer. 
Planing Mills, Lumber, etc. 
Book and Job Printers. 
Lumber, etc. 

Proprietor Hotel Schlosser. 
Wholesale Liquor Importer, etc. 
Speer White Sand Co. 
Furniture. 
Undertaker. 
Physician . 
Pittsburgh. 



NAMES. 

Third National Bank, 
Third National Bank, 
Townsend & Co., W. P., 
Tibby Brothers, 
Taylor, E. B., 
Tustin, Wm. E., 
Union National Bank, 
Union Storage Company, 
U. S. Iron and Tin Plate Co., 
Vandergrift, J. J., 
Voigt & Co., L. H., 
Vanuxem, Pierce & Co., 
Western Insurance Company, 
Walton & Co., Joseph, 
Wolfe, Lane & Co., 
Wood Co., W. Dewees, 
Weaver & Co., Henry A., 
Wood, Jr., B. L., 
Wickersham, S. M., 
Wooldridge, W. P., 
Wightman & Co., Thomas, 
Warden & Oxnard, 
Winter, Emil, 
AVainwright & Co., Z., 
Weyman & Bro., 
Wood & Son, John A., 
Woodwell & Co., Joseph, 
Wattles, W. W., 
Wells, Calvin, 
AVitherow, Wm., 
Willson, B. C, 
Zug & C/O., 



13 

BUSINESS. 

Pittsburgh. 

Allegheny. 

Wire and Rivets. 

Glass Manufacturers. 

Gen. Supt. Trans. Penn'a Lines West. 

Real Estate. 

Pittsburgh. 

Pittsbui'gh. 

Pittsburgh . 

President United Pipe Line Co. 

Produce and Commission Merchants. 

Gen. Agts. N. Y. Life Insurance Co. 

Pittsburgh. 

Coal Miners and Shippers. 

Wholesale Hardware. 

Sheet Iron Manufacturers. 

Real Estate. 

President Monongahela Dredging Co. 

Iron Broker. 

Agt. Mutual Life Ins. Co., N. Y. 

Glass Manufacturers. 

Elaine Oil Manufacturers. 

Abattoir, Herr's Island. 

Brewers and Maltsters. 

Manufacturers of Tobacco, etc. 

Coal Miners and Shippers. 

AVholesale Hardware. 

Jeweler. 

Pres. Pittsburgh Forge and Iron Co. 

Proprietor Hotel Duquesne. 

Proprietor Seventh Avenue Hotel. 

Sable Iron Works. 



EARLY HISTORY. 



BY REV. DR. JAMES ALLISON. 



The territory now known as Allegheny County, in 
which the cities of Pittsburgh and Allegheny are located, 
has been the scene of great events, or rather of occurrences 
leading to results of world wide importance. The French 
claimed the country on the Ohio river and the streams 
which form it, by the right of priority of discovery and 
exploration by La Salle, 1669-70, when he went as far south 
as the Falls at Louisville. The Shawanese and Delaware 
Indians removed from the country along the Susquehanna 
river to the upper Ohio and lower Allegheny rivers during 
the years 1727-29. With them came traders, the first white 
men to make any kind of a lodgment or settlement in this 
region. Some of these were men of excellent character, but 
others — especially what were known as " the hired hands " 
— were ignorant and dissolute, and rapacious in their deal- 
ings with the Indians. 

France resolved to expel the traders and to erect a line 
of forts from Canada to Louisiana, to protect the North-West 
and the South-West claimed by it. In 1749, Captain Celeron 
de Bienville, with 200 soldiers and 30 Indians descended 
the Allegheny and Ohio to the mouth of the Wabash, taking 
military possession, and as evidence of this, depositing lead 
plates with suitable inscriptions in different localities along 
these rivers. In after years a number of these were found. 
One of them, discovered at the junction of the Allegheny 
and Monongahela rivers, forming the Ohio, bears the date, 
"August 3, 1749, at Three Rivers." This force encamped 
several days at Logstown, a little further down the Ohio 



than the present location of Economy, from which the 
commander expelled the English traders, and sent by them 
to Governor Hamilton, of Pennsylvania, letters dated " Our 
camp on the beautiful river, at an old Shawnee village, 6th 
and 10th of August," stating that he was there 'by orders of 
the Marquis de la Gallisonere, General-in-chief of New 
France, whose orders are very strict not to suffer any 
foreign traders within his government.' " 

In 1750, and again in 1751-52, Christopher Gist, of 
North Carolina, in the employ of the *' Ohio Company," 
explored this part of Pennsylvania. On the 23d of Novem- 
ber, 1753, George Washington, with Gist for a guide, arrived 
here on his way to Venango, under orders from Governor 
Dinwiddle, of Virginia. After examining a location for a 
fort proposed at the mouth of Chartiers Creek, Washington 
expressed a decided preference for ''The Forks," — the 
junction of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers. The 
erection of the fort was begun February 17, 1754, but on 
April 17, 1754, Ensign Ward in command was compelled to 
surrender his little band, which consisted of only 41 men, 
to the French commander Contrecoeur, who had a force of 
1400 soldiers and Indians, with 18 cannon, 300 canoes and 
60 bateaux. 

Thus began the war which closed in America with the 
cession of Canada to the English, in 1760, and the cost of 
which, and the complications to which it gave rise in 
Europe, led England to tax the colonies, brought on the 
Revolutionary War and the Independence of the United 
States. The French drove off the traders from Western 
Pennsylvania, erected a fort at " The Forks," and called it 
Fort Duquesne, in honor of the Governor of Canada. The 
English government determined to regain the territory that 
had been lost ; to this end General Braddock and a strong- 
English force was sent, to which was added a detachment 
of Virginia troops. Braddock met with a terrible defeat at 
what has since been known as " Braddock's Fields," July 9, 



16 

1755. In this engagement, Colonel George Washington 
gave promise of the greatness to which he afterwards 
attained. On November 24, 1758, the French and Indians 
set fire to Fort Duquesne and abandoned it, and during the 
same night the troops under General Forbes took possession 
and named it Fort Pitt, in honor of William Pitt, the great 
English statesman. On April 14, 1761, the inhabitants of 
what is now Pittsburgh, consisted of 223 men, women and 
children ; these with the 95 oflficers and soldiers, with the 
families of some of them, made an entire population of 332. 
What may be called the second town was laid out by Col. 
John Campbell, in 1765, whose plan was adopted by George 
Woods, in the survey made by him for the Penns, in 1784. 

CLAIMED BY VIRGINIA. 

The Penns laid claim to " The Forks of the Ohio," 
under a Charter granted by Charles II, March 4, 1681 ; 
Virginia claimed this territory under the Old Charter to 
the London Company, 1609. Virginia settlements west of 
the Blue Pidge had been begun as early as 1730; and in 1738 
the whole country west of that mountain barrier, now con- 
stituting more than half a dozen States, was claimed. In 
1754-5-6, this disputed territory and all the region west of 
the Ohio river was made a part of Augusta County, Va. 
Fort Pitt was named Fort Drummond, and Courts composed 
of Virginia Justices were held at this place and elsewhere. 
At times serious results were feared. Not until 1784, when 
Mason & Dixon's line was completed, did the strife cease. 

Such is the early history of what is now the centre of 
the Nation's Industries. Its vast productions are set forth 
in the following pages. 



GEOWTH A'ND DEVELOPMEISTT. 



Railroad and river tonnage in 1890 was 39,443,201 tons 
—local, 19,124,350 tons— through, 20,318,851 tons. 

5,670 industries, representing a capital of $223,592,240, 
employing 134,097 persons, paying in wages $65,780,858 
per annum. Value of product being $350,201,925. 

According to the official statement of the present census 
bureau for 1890, the number of inhabitants in 

Pittsburgh is - 238,473. Increase over 1880, 82,084. 
Allegheny City is 104,967. " " 26,288. 

343,440. " " 108,372. 

Allegheny Co., 551,856. " " 195,987. 



OOMPAEISOK— POPULATIO]^. 



YEAit. Pittsburgh. Allegheny City. 

1800, 1,565, 

1810, 4,768, ....... 

1820, 7,248, 

1830, 12,568, 

1840, 21,115, 10,000, 

1850, 46,610, 21,262, 

1860, 49,217, 28,702, 

1870, 86,076, 53,180, 

1880, 156,351, 78,681, 

1890, 238,473, 104,967. 



18 

Allegheny County was organized 1788 ; Pittsburgh 
incorporated as a borough, 1794 ; as a city, in 1816. 
Allegheny as a borough, 1828 ; as a city, 1840. 

The census table is somewhat deceiving in showing the. 
population of cities, and failing, as they necessarily do, to 
present in the same view the situation and surroundings of 
one city as compared with another. The real comparative 
size and importance of American cities are presented in a 
recent article in the Louisville Courier Journal. That paper 
says : 

"The proper way in which to consider the size of a 
city, is to include all the people within a given radius who 
are directly dependent upon it for support. You must take 
all the suburbs and outlying towns, places in which people 
sleep, but live in the city." In the list compiled as noted 
below, it will be observed, out of the 19 cities Pittsburgh is 
the fifth upon the list, which materially adds to her 
importance. 



New York, 


3,621,000 


Bufi'alo, 


385,000 


Philadelphia, 


1,422,000 


Minneapolis, 


381,000 


Boston, 


1,334,000 


San Francisco, 


335,000 


Chicago, 


1,324,000 


Detroit, 


330,000 


Pittsburgh, 


677,000 


Milwaukee, 


320,000 


St. Louis, 


629,000 


Kansas City, 


306,000 


Cincinnati, 


590,000 


Albany, 


289,000 


Baltimore, 


586,000 


New Orleans, 


280,000 


Providence, 


532,000 


Louisville, 


277,000 


Cleveland, 


426,000 







The following table gives the value of real estate in 
Pittsburgh and Allegheny City, by wards, as assessed for 
county and State taxation, and the totals for Alleghen}'- 
County. . 



19 



WARDS. 

PITTSBURGH. 

First 

Second 

Third 

Fourth 

Fifth 

Sixth 

Seventh 

Eighth 

Ninth 

Tenth 

Eleventh 

Twelfth 

Thirteenth 

Fourteenth 

Fifteenth 

Sixteenth 

Seventeenth 

Eighteenth 

Nineteenth 

Twentieth 

Twenty-first 

Twenty -second 

Twenty-third 

Twenty-fourth 

Twenty-fifth 

Twenty -sixth 

Twenty-seventh 

Twenty-eighth 

Twenty-ninth 

Thirtieth 

Thirty -first 

Thirty-second 

Thirty-third 

Thirty-fourth 

Thirty-fifth 

Thirty-sixth 



ALLEGHENY CITY. 

First 

Second 

Third 

Fourth 

Fifth 

Sixth 

Seventh 

Eighth 

Ninth 

Tenth 

Eleventh 

Twelfth 

Thirteenth 



Total. 



Value Real Estate 


Value Real Estate 


Taxable, 1880. 


Taxable, 1890. 


!? 4,707,538 


$ 6,824,145 


4,655,302 


7,475,330 


8,157,951 


15,218,120 


5,366,726 


11,232,555 


1,446,420 


2,072,710 


2,659,902 


3,435,710 


1,926,476 


2,260,780 ■ 


1,786,858 


2,266,310 


1,925,594 


2,525,410 


1,284,105 


1,334,069 


2,179,041 


3,299,459 


4,134,203 


5,995,030 


1,835,666 


3,272,315 


5,524,464 


10,363,535 


2,347,586 


3,480,040 


2,022,212 


3,012,255 


3,869,318 


5,538,170 


2,548,403 


3,215,715 


2,237,254 


4,763,895 


3,760,387 


9,950,155 


2,179,912 


5,207,412 


2,267,561 


3,893,080 


1,670,181 


3,277,540 


1,219,853 


1,865,275 


1,836,389 


2,412,474 


2,060,220 


2,522,385 


549,803 


1,492,088 


1,320,697 


1,721,740 


1,266,899. 


1,778,850 


1,244,610 


1,266,965 


555,282 


933,506 


807,868 


1,300,145 


594,325 


780,945 


682,474 


910,020 


542,999 


808,141 


698,763 


775,190 


4,834,814 


f^,405,238 


■ 6,502,488 


9,640,590 


4,330,211 


6,286,890 


5,685,974 


6,170,460 


4,635,995 


6,282,690 


3,119,768 


4,854,275 


938,030 


1,497,465 


822,962 


1,207,275 


958,630 


1,151,615 


957,827 


1 ,852,630 


860,451 


1,539,605 


549,730 


1,157,385 


486,060 


844,440 


$118,827,146 


$187,411,907 



20 



Allegheny County, 1880, $175,358,766 ; 1890, $262,611,357. 
From the centennial history, we find in 1807, the 
industries then were : 

1 Cotton Factory, 3 Bonnet Makers, 

1 Air Furnace, 1 Mattress Maker, 

1 Wire Weaving Factory, 1 Looking Glass Maker, 

2 Gunsmiths, , 2 Rope Walks, 
S Tallow Chandlers, 1 Tool Maker, 



5 Coopers, 

7 Cabinet Makers, 

2 Potteries, 

2 Book Binders, 

1 Pump Maker, 

7 Tan Yards, 

1 Machinist, 

51 Mercantile Stores, 

2 Boat Stores, 
2 Glass Works, 
4 Nail Factories, 

1 Brass Foundry, 

2 Tobacconists, 
1 Brush Maker, 

13 Weavers, 
1 Turner, 



4 Printing Offices, 
4 Lumber Dealers, 
2 Breweries, 

7 Coppersmiths, 

6 Harness Makers, 
1 Bell Maker, 
1 Trunk Maker, 
1 Comb Maker, 
6 Hatters,. 

4 Plane Makers, 

8 Boat Builders, 
1 Lock Maker, 

1 Spinning Wheel Maker, 

5 Windsor Chair Makers, 



6 Brick Yards, 

1 Cotton and Woolen Machinery. 
Making a total of 176, while for 1890, the manufactur- 
ing, mechanical, mercantile and other industries number 
5,670. 



FII^Al^OIAL. 



We have twenty-seven National banks, and twenty-two 
State and other banks in Pittsburgh, with a capital of 
$15,500,000 ; in Allegheny City and surrounding towns 
we have eighteen, making a total of sixty-seven banks, 
combined capital being $17,750,000. It is said upon good 



21 

authority that our incorporated banks have larger cash 
resources than those of thirty-three States and Territories 
as given in the Comptroller of the Currency's last report: 
they having twice the resources of all the banks, 
public and private, of Virginia; $10,000,000 more than 
those of Indiana ; $17,000,000 more than those of Texas, 
and so on through the list. The capital, surplus, profits 
and deposits of the sixty-seven banks above mentioned, 
aggregate $105,000,000, or one-fifth of the total amount in 
Pennsylvania, including private banks. 

The business at the Pittsburgh Clearing House for 
the year 1890, was $902,350,025.07 ; in 1880 the amount 
being $360,018,927.58. It will thus be seen the increase of 
the business during the past ten years was over $500,000,000. 

We have distanced Cincinnati and New Orleans loner 
ago, and in 1889 passed Baltimore, and in the list have 
encroached rapidly upon the places maintained by St. Louis 
and San Francisco. 



CHUECHES. 



The first minister of the gospel that preached in 
Allegheny County was a Catholic priest, who came with the 
French troops in 1754. After the French were expelled by 
General Forbes, in 1758, the Protestants took charge of the 
field simultaneously with the English troops. A Presby- 
terian minister who came with Forbes' army preached here 
in 1758, and the First Presbyterian Church was organized in 
1785. The next Avas the German Evangelical Protestant 
Church, 1787, then the Protestant Episcopal Church in 1794; 
following this the first Methodist church was settled about 
the year 1800, then the Baptists in 1812. 

CHURCHES OP TO-DAY. 

There are 281 sanctuaries in the two cities. The 
various denominations seem to have vied with each other 



22 

in building churches of grand architecture, and in no direc- 
tion have the wealth and public spirit of the citizens mani- 
fested themselves more efficiently. The capital represented 
will reach $9,147,000, with a membership of 149,448, over 
43 per cent, of the entire population. 

The Catholic persuasion have the largest number of 
churches, 52 ; Methodist, 36 ; Presbyterian, 32 ; United 
Presbyterian, 30 ; Evangelical Lutheran, 29 ; Episcopal, 18 ; 
Baptist, 17 ; Christian Church, 10 ; Evangelical Association, 
8 ; Methodist Episcopal, S ; Methodist Protestant, 7 ; Dis- 
ciples, 6 ; Reformed Presbyterian, 6 ; Congregationalists, 4 ; 
Reformed Church of the United States, 3 ; Cumberland 
Presbyterian, 2 ; Synagogues, 6 ; miscellaneous, 14. 



SCHOOLS. 



In the old section of the county that is south of the 
Ohio and Allegheny rivers, school houses were erected as 
early as 1776, within a few miles of each other, so that the 
children of settlers could get what was then a common school 
education. The first school houses were built of logs with 
openings for windows by cutting out a log; here a sash 
frame was put in, but no glass, greased paper being used as 
a substitute. The course was limited — reading, writing, 
ciphering — as books were scarce. - The little ones learning 
the alphabet were supplied with a paddle, on which the 
letters were printed. 

Pittsburgh and Allegheny have since made great 
progress in the system of education; they have magnificent 
school buildings, an elaborate course, and very competent 
teachers. According to the census bulletin and reports 
there are, in the State of Pennsylvania, 965,444 pupils 
—461,953 males, 473,953 females, 24,493 teachers, 16,111 
females, 8,382 males. 



23 

Allegheny County has 82,571 pupils — 41,582 males, 
40,989 females, 1,601 teachers. 

Pittsburgh has 65 school buildings, valued at $2,500,- 
000—32,578 pupils— 16,038 male^, 16,540 females, 608 
teachers. 

Allegheny City has 22 school buildings, valued at 
.$1,500,000^16,000 pupils, 292 teachers. 

Outside of the public schools there, are a large number 
of others, including the parochial schools of the Roman 
Catholic Church, in which there are 17,277 pupils enrolled., 



THEATEES. 



We have six Theatres and one Museum where the 
people of Pittsburgh and Allegheny can take enjoyment — 
the attractions are of the best. The places of amusement 
are all good buildings, and estimated to be worth $3,000,000 
— they will compare favorably with similar houses in other 
large cities. The patronage is good, and it is claimed that 
nearly 2,500,000 people spend $1,250,000 per annum for 
this enjoyment. 

The seating capacity is as follows : 
Grand, 2,100 Academy of Music, 1,700 

Bijou, 2,700 Alvin, 1,800 

Duquesne, 1,700 Harris, 1,700 

Fifth Avenue Museum, 700. 
By these figures it is seen that 12,400 people can be 
seated at the plays in one night. 



HOTELS. 



Eighty-four hotels, with a capacity for accommodating 
8,000 persons, are credited to Pittsburgh and Allegheny. 
We quote those that can entertain fifty and upwards : 



24 



Monongahela House, 650 
Seventh Avenue Hotel, 400 



Hotel Anderson, 


400 


Hotel Duquesne, 


400 


Hotel Schlosser, 


356 


Hotel Boyer, 


275 


St. Charles Hotel, 


250 


Central Hotel, 


250 


St. James Hotel, 


200 


East End Hotel, 


200 


Boley's Hotel, 


200 


Hotel Brown, 


200 


Staley's Hotel, 


150 


Keystone Hotel, 


150 


Hazel Hotel, 


120 


Hotel Drummbnd, 


100 



Albion Hotel, 100 

Red Lion Hotel, 100 

Merchants Hotel, 100 

American House, 100 

Hotel Heck, 80 

First Avenue Hotel, 80 

Hotel Weithaus, 80 

Schreiber Hotel, 75 

Windsor Hotel, 60 

Manning House, 60 

Morgan House, 52 

Bank Exchange, 50 

Hotel Normandie, • 50 

Hotel Klein, 50 

Deshon Hotel, 50 

Hotel Kenmawr, 50 



:^EWSPAPERS. 



There are 70 newspapers in the city. 

The Commercial Gazette, as now conducted, bears a 
strong comparison, and affords a striking contrast with its 
progenitor of the last century, and its successive changes 
and enlargements from time to time have been fairly repre- 
sentative of the increasing growth of Pittsburgh, the fulfill- 
ment of its social aspirations and the achievement of its 
wonderful destiny. The Gazette of 1786 represents the day 
of the pack horse ; that of 1892, the era of the telegraph. 

The Daily Post. — The Commonwealth, which was a 
paper established in 1805, was in 1811 merged into The 
Mercury, which in 1841 consolidated with a paper which had 
.been established in 1824, and known as The Allegheny 
Democrat. The union of the papers appeared under the 
style of The Mercury and Democrat, changing the following 



25 

year to The Mercury and Manufacturer, as a consequence of 
the absorption of another paper called the American Manu- 
facturer; in 1842 The Daily Post was issued. The Post, which 
has since been regularly and daily issued, has always been 
noted for its fidelity to democratic principles. 

The Chronicle Telegraph. — In May, 1841, a weekly 
paper known as The Chronicle, was established. In the 
following September it was issued as a daily morning paper, 
and so continued until 1884, when the paper was merged 
with The Evening Telegraph. The last named paper had 
been established in 1873, by The Evening Telegraph Pub- 
lishing Company. In December, 1883, The Chronicle and 
The Telegraph were consolidated, the company changing its 
style to the Pittsburgh Chronicle Telegraph Company. The 
Chronicle Telegraph holds a high place among the prominent 
evening journals of the country. 

The Pittsburgh Dispatch. — There was a paper known 
as The Dispatch, published in 1833. In 1846, The Daily 
Dispatch was established, and now,, after more than forty 
years of growth, is a conspicuous representative of all that 
is progressive in journalism. This paper, since 1883, pub- 
lishes a Sunday edition. 

The Leader. — The Leader was originally started as a 
Sunday paper, its first number appearing on Sunday, 
December 11, 1864, and this Sunday edition has been issued 
every week from that time to the present. In 1870, The 
Evening Leader appeared, the publishing firm first being 
styled Pittock, Nevin & Co., and afterward changing to the 
Leader Publishing Company. The Leader presents the news 
fully, yet concisely, and its general features are brilliant. 

The Pittsburgh Times is a later venture and fills an 
important place in Pittsburgh journalism, fully occupying 
the field of a bright, well conducted, comprehensive and 
popular penny morning journal. 

The Pittsburgh Press is another paper which has 
won its way to an established place in popularity, and has 



26 

a very large and constantly growing circulation. Although 
a penny paper, it is an eight page quarto, and is distin- 
guished for the full and complete way in which it presents 
the news. The Press is also a Sunday paper. 

Freiheits Freund. — The large German population of 
Pittsburgh and the country immediately surrounding it, 
made the city a good field for the publication of a news- 
paper in the German language. The Freiheits Freund was 
originally established at Chambersburg, Franklin county, 
Pa., in- 1834, and in 1837 removed to Pittsburgh, where it 
was issued as a weekly until 1844, when it became a tri- 
weekly, followed in 1847 by a daily. 

PiTTSBUEGEE, Beobachter. — Another daily paper pub- 
lished in the German language is the Pittshurger Beobachter. 

In addition to these representatives of daily journalism 
there are a large number of weekly and class newspapers, 
each filling an important place in its special field. The 
Presbyterian Banner is the oldest religious paper in the 
world ; The Christian Advocate, the organ of the M. E. 
Church ; The United Presbyterian ; The Catholic ; The 
Methodist Recorder. Of local and society papers, prominent 
ones are The East End Bulletin and The East End News, 
while The Labor Tribune, Trade Journal, The Commoner and 
Glass Worker and a number of other labor papers are pub- 
lished, as well as numerous other representatives of special 
interests. 



LIBRARIES. 



Pittsburgh and Allegheny are well supplied, having 
seven institutions of this kind, with 53,000 volumes, and a 
circulation of 100,000, viz : 

Pittsburgh. — Pittsburgh Library Association rooms 
are located on Penn Avenue ; the Catholic Library in the 
basement of the Cathedral, Fifth Avenue ; the German 









■•#4, •■ 



^r . .„ - - 






?•!. 'j i.i 




iii^'-^-ii' 



Carnegie Library, Allegheny. 



27 

Library Association on Wood Street ; the Pittsburgh 
Teachers' Library on Market Street ; the Young Men's 
Christian Association Free Reading Rooms, Seventh Street. 
Allegheny. — Allegheny Public School, West Diamond 
Street ; the Carnegie Free Library, Ohio and Federal 
Streets. 

HOSPITALS. 



In the cities of Pittsburgh and Allegheny there are 
■eight hospitals; 13,595 patients were treated during the 
year 1890. 

The Western Pennsylvania is the largest, being the 
city general hospital, situated at Twenty-eighth Street, 
Pittsburgh, is open at all times and to all classes of people. 

The Homceopathic is on Second Avenue; here also all 
classes of patients are admitted, except those suffering from 
■contagious diseases. Persons who have received injuries 
from an accident will be admitted at all times. 

The Mercy Hospital, located on Stevenson Street, 
■and conducted by the Sisters of Mercy, is open at all times 
-and to all persons. 

The Pittsburgh Infirmary, corner Roberts and Reed 
Streets, receives all kinds of patients who are admitted on 
presentation of a certificate from the attending physician. 

The Home for Incurables, located at Fifty-fifth and 
Butler Streets. Patients suffering from incurable diseases 
are admitted ; does not include old people or young- 
children. 

The St. Franciscus, situated on Forty-fourth Street, 
is one of the largest in the city. 

The St. Marys, situated on Fifty-fifth Street, and in 
charge of the sisters of that Convent. 

The Allegheny General, located on Stockton Ave- 
nue, Allegheny. 

The Pittsburgh Dispensary, on Sixth Avenue. 



28 
PARKS. 

The parks of the twin cities are regarded with pride b}^ 
the citizens. They afford delightful resorts, and are kept up 
with the greatest care, with well laid out walks, finest 
flowers and shrubbery, handsome artificial lakes, rustic- 
bridges, with a fine collection of animals. 

Allegheny Parks, located in the centre of the city,. 
and reached by the Pittsburgh, Allegheny and Manchester 
and Pleasant Valley car lines. It contains 91^ acres of 
ground, valued at $1,750,000 ; cost of maintenance, $20,000 
per annum. Here we have the Phipps Conservatory, where,, 
at all times, a complete collection of the finest exotic plants 
and other rare attractions of the floral world may be seen. 

ScHENLEY Park, located in the Fourteenth and Twenty- 
second wards, Pittsburgh, contains 444 acres, valued at 
$1,550,000. The main entrance from Forbes Avenue 
crosses Four Mile Run and the Pittsburgh Junction Rail- 
road by a bridge 585 feet in length, having a driveway 34 
feet wide, with foot walks 8 feet in width. The main drive- 
way in the park is 60 feet, and the interior roads 40 feet ; 
another entrance is by Forward Avenue bridge, 555 feet 
long, giving easy access to the park from the Twenty-second 
and Twenty-third wards, adding greatly to the pleasure 
drives in that section and from the South Side. The natural 
advantages of the park are not surpassed by any in the 
country, the ravines ranging in depth from 50 to 350 feet, 
while the roads following the spurs and the sides of these 
ravines give constantly changing views of great beauty and 
picturesqueness. 

Among the noted attractions is the Carnegie Free 
Library, to be located on the entrance tract of 19 acres ; 
the Phipps Conservatory, near the main entrance; the- 
Zoological Garden. 



29 

WATEE WORKS. 



In the early days the inhabitants depended for their 
water supply either upon hauling from the river or by 
securing a supply by digging wells upon their premises. 
There is no record of any public action on the part of the 
then township or borough authorities to increase the water 
supply until 1812, when the scarcity of water in various 
districts led the burgess to advertise for a public meeting to 
be held. At this meeting it was agreed and action taken 
for the sinking of wells and putting in pumps at the public 
expense. Four pumps were put in on Market Street; of these 
four wells one was to be erected at the expense of the 
county. It was not until 1824 that- Councils passed the 
ordinance providing for the raising of money to supply the 
want. Since that time great strides have been made in this 
direction, and we have to-day in 

Pittsburgh, water works valued at $3,500,000, employ- 
ing 75 persons, paying yearly in wages $60,000, and pump- 
ing daily 40,000,000 gallons of water. 

Allegheny City, water w^orks valued at $1,814,000, 
employing 50 persons, paying in wages $40,000 per annum, 
pumping daily 22,257,260 gallons. 

It is claimed that for the number of inhabitants, there 
is more water consumed in Pittsburgh and Allegheny than 
in any other city of the world. Consumption in Pittsburgh 
being, per capita, 167 gallons ; Allegheny, 212; in both 
cities the average is 187 gallons, or four barrels. 

Comparison. — Per capita as taken from the official 
water works report shows : Pittsburgh, 167 gallons ; Alle- 
gheny, 212 gallons ; Chicago, 127 gallons ; Philadelphia, 
113 gallons ; New York, 110 gallons ; Buffalo, 120 gallons ; 
Detroit, 129 gallons ; Milwaukee, 113 gallons. 



30 

POST OFFICE. 



Probably no better evidence of the growth in business 
and population could be had than the report of business of 
our post office. Our Pittsburgh post office receipts are now 
such that we rank with Brooklyn, Baltimore, San Francisca 
and Washington, there being but six cities in the United 
States which lead us, viz : New York, Chicago, St. Louis, 
Boston, Philadelphia and Cincinnati. 

The number of employees in the Pittsburgh post office 
is 171, with 133 carriers, making a total of 304 persons. 
Gross receipts for the past year, box rents, stamps, envelopes, 
etc., was $695,842.25, an increase of $73,033.70 over the 
previous year. Business transacted in the Money Order 
Division was $2,431,630.05; for 1884, $1,535,148.97, an 
increase in six years of $896,481.89. 

BUSINESS TRANSACTED IN THE CITY DELIVERY DIVISION. 

1890 1884 

Number letters delivered 16,678,616 7,454,939 

postal cards delivered .... 2,747,329 2,271,531 
" pieces 2d, 3d and 4th class 

matter 5,313,813 3,037,055 

local letters collected 3,513,749 960,273 

mail letters collected 8,784,362 2,880,719 

local postal cards collected 1,071,910 594,907 

mail postal cards collected 1,582,128 794,907 
" pieces 2d, 3d and 4th class 

matter 1,347,624 536,829 

Total number pieces handled 41,039,531 18,531,160 

Total number pieces handled per 

carrier 308,568 

Total postage collected on all matter 
collected by carriers and 

deposited in office $158,461.90 $76,835.57 




Government Building and Post Office. 



31 

Number of letters delivered through 

boxes 8,048,580 3,207,484 

Number of papers delivered through 

boxes 3,468,936 867,816 

Sent to Dead Letter office 34.525 23,595 

11,552,041 4,098,895 

MATTER HANDLED IN THE DIVISION, DISTRIBUTION AND 
DESPATCH OF MAILS. 

1890 1884 

Number packages weighed out .... 807,508 582,419 

letters distributed 32,300,320 23,206,760 

" sacks papers distributed . . 68,011 41,738 

" papers distributed 10,201,671 6,260,736 

Total number pieces handled 42,561,056 29,557,406- 

BUSINESS TRANSACTED IN THE REGISTRY DIVISION. 

1890 1884 

Domestic letters mailed 30,601 18,672. 

" parcels, 3d class .. 2,513 5,037 

Foreign letters mailed 5,667 1,608 

" parcels, 3d class 358 68 

Official letters and parcels mailed . . 6,687 760 

Total 45,826 26,145 

Letters delivered to carriers 57,200 28,806 

at window 33,176 27,352 

official 30,707 17,549 

Mis-sent, forwarded and returned to 

writer 12,854 1,001 

Total 133,937 74,708- . 

Total number mailed and delivered 179,763 100,853- 



32 

BUSINESS TRANSACTED IN THE SPECIAL DELIVERY. 

Number articles arriving in mails for delivery 25,860 

deposited in office " 29,285 

Total number special delivery, 55,145 
Number of the above actually delivered .... 52,184 
" '' forwarded to other 

offices for delivery, 12 

" " that failed of special 

delivery 2,949 

Special delivery stamps sold • $6,180.00 

Number messengers employed 24 

Amount paid special delivery messengers $4,271.96 

Average amount paid each messenger 177.95 



ABATTOIR. 



One of the largest abattoirs in the State is located here. 
For cleanliness and sanitary arrangements it cannot be 
excelled; great care is exercised by the proprietors upon this 
point. All their machinery is of the latest improved 
patterns. The capital invested in this enterprise is $400,000; 
190 persons are employed, whose wages are $127,000 per 
annum. 14,300 cattle and 57,000 small stock were killed, 
dressed and sold during 1890, together with the large 
amount of lard and other articles manufactured. 



DROVE YARDS. 

Capital invested, $300,000 ; number persons employed, 
40 ; shipments equal to 125,000 tons ; 50,000 head of cattle, 
75,000 head of hogs, 75,000 head of sheep and 15,000 head 
of calves were handled during the year. 



33 
ELEVATORS. 



Capital invested, $52,500 ; number employees, 14; paid 
employees, $7,632 per annum ; value of the sales, $100,000; 
capacity, 250,000 bushels ; grain handled, 874,054 bushels ; 
feed chopped, 4,147 tons ; shipments, 25,998 tons. 



TONNAGE, 



The total railroad and river tonnage in 1890 was 
39,443,201 tons; railroad,34,638,316 tons; river, 4,804,885tons; 
local, 19, 124,350 tons, equal to 1,000,000 of cars, or an average 
of 3,000 cars per day ; 2,000 loaded freight cars enter, and 
1,000 depart daily. These figures are pregnant with mean- 
ing; they show that we receive about 40,000 tons daily, and 
re-distribute 20,000 tons daily over the country. The figures 
are furnished to illustrate the enormous movement observ- 
able in and around the city. To further appreciate the 
above figures, take the local tonnage, irrespective of the 
river tonnage, about 5,000 cars per day, placed on one con- 
tinuous train would extend over 30 miles. 

The pre-eminence of Pittsburgh as a point of distribu- 
tion, by both river and rail, is indisputable. 

The amount of tonnage originating and passing 
through Pittsburgh will exceed that of any other city in the 
Union, New York not excepted. 

As per the data furnished by the acting chief of the 
sixteenth division Census Bureau, we find that railways in 
the United States for the year shows that the number of 
tons of freight carried by the railways of the United States 
was about 656,917,409 ; for the State of Pennsylvania, for 
same period, 152,961,123 tons, being over 23 per cent, of the 
entire amount. It will be seen at a glance that Pittsburgh 
has contributed a good share of this tonnage. 



34 

EAILWAY SYSTEM. 



The railway system is of the best — facilities unsur- 
passed, and composed of integral parts of the three great 
trunk lines of the country, the Pennsylvania Railroad, the 
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, and the Vanderbilt corporations 
— through these wonderful systems the great seaports of the 
Atlantic coast are reached, also the great lakes of the North. 
They cover the West with a tenacious grip, and will soon 
bring the South within the fold. The railway systems as 
they exist are among the foundations of our strength, as 
they are one of our powers which contribute as much to 
the growth and success as the fact that we command 
unrivaled water highways. 

To further show the great activity of the city, we might 
add that the number of passenger trains that enter and 
depart are 222, and 40,000 people enter and depart from the 
'■\fFerent depots daily. 

We derive our raw material from the far distant north 
«,nd the sunny south, and know of no better instance than 
that of the ore for our blast furnaces, which comes from the 
Superior regions, from Spain and Algiers. Cork is brought 
from Spain, Portugal and Africa. 

The products of our output enter into countless articles, 
from the commonplace trifles in domestic use to the 
grandest and most beautiful achievements of human 
ingenuity and art. The iron from our mills is handled in 
every hamlet in the country ; our glass is a necessity and a 
luxury in millions of households ; our coke and coal con- 
tribute comfort to countless firesides, reduces the valuable 
ores, conducts the successful operation in the factory, and 
illuminates cities. 

RIYEE FACILITIES. 



We have the Monongahela river from the south for our 
coal, the Allegheny river from the north for our lumber ; 



35 

these enter into and form the big Ohio for the west, where 
our products have still another and advantageous outlet. 
By these rivers and streams beyond, more than 20,000 miles 
of inland navigation are open to the steam craft of Pitts- 
burgh. 

As a boat building locality, Pittsburgh has for a time 
taken the lead, and among the early industries, records show 
the first boat built in Pittsburgh was in 1777. In 1797 and 
1798 two Government vessels were built ; in 1801 a brig 
and schooner. The first steamboat built in the city, the New 
Orleans, left Pittsburgh on her trial trip October 11,1811. 
From this date to the present time the building of steam- 
boats, with the exceptions of a few intervals, has been one 
of the leading industries. Records further show that there 
have been 3,000 steamboats and ships constructed at Pitts- 
burgh and vicinity up to the present time. 

The river tonnage now embraces 96 tow boats, 10 pas- 
senger boats, 1,800 barges, 1,500 coal boats, 500 flats, 200 fuel 
boats — representing a capital of $13,000,000. 

The tonnage capacity of the vessels employed in the 
coal trade on the Ohio river, and owned at Pittsburgh, is 
vastly greater than that employed for any purpose and 
owned at any other single lake harbor, or sea port in the 
United States. This vast carrying capacity is rendered 
necessary by the peculiar conditions existing in the naviga- 
tion of our western rivers. 

In 1889 twenty-two firms and individuals, engaged 
chiefly in the coal trade, presented the following figures of 
this class of vessels owned in Pittsburgh : 

Number. Capacity, 

Coal Boats 1,467 1,174,600 

" Barges 1,776 958,100 

" Flats 648 120,800 

Totals, 3,891 2,253,500 

Average carrying capacity : boats, 850 tons; draught, 
7i to 8 feet; barges, 480 tons; flats, 200 tons. 



36 

Coal transported in 1890 was 120,000,000 bushels. A 
large proportion goes south to Cincinnati, Louisville, St. 
Louis, New Orleans, etc. 

Traffic by the passenger boats shows signs of increase — 
50,000 passengers arrive and depart by river per annum — 
they handle in freight, receiving lumber, sugar, molasses, 
cotton, cotton seed oil ; forwarding iron, wire, spikes, glass^ 
rails, cotton ties, etc. 



lE^CLII^ES. 



Owing to the topographical situation of the city, which 
presented numerous difficulties, the building in early history 
was upon the bottom lands; the hills between the two rivers 
being considered unavailable, because inaccessible. The 
difficulty has been overcome by the introduction of this 
system, and all points are reached. There are now of these 
useful means of transportation, nine inclines, both for pas- 
sengers and freight, representing a capital of $500,000, 
employing 80 persons, and carrying during the year 
3,839,128 passengers. 



EAPID TRAI^SIT. 



No city in the Union can boast of having better facilities 
of this kind than we have here. Lines run in all directions, 
and are of the most improved system. There are eleven 
lines now in operation, covering nearly one hundred miles; 
representing a capital of $12,300,000, with 500 cars, carry- 
ing during the year, 37,429,388 persons. 

Pittsburgh Traction Company, cable, Duquesne Trac- 
tion Company, electric, Pittsburgh and Birmingham Traction 
Company, electric, Citizens Traction Company, cable, Cen- 
tral Traction Company, cable, Second Avenue Passenger 



37 

Railway Company, electric, Pleasant Valley Railway Com- 
pany, electric, Pittsburgh, Allegheny and Manchester Rail- 
way Company, electric, Schenley Park and Highland Ave- 
nue, electric. South Side Passenger Railway Company, 
horse cars, Pittsburgh and West End Railway Company, 
horse cars. Spring Garden Railway Company, horse cars. 
The Suburban Rapid Transit Company, electric. 

ISTATTJEAL GAS. 



In this Avonderful enterprise, $30,000,000 is invested; 
300 employees are engaged at an outlay of $150,000 per 
annum. Nearly 1,000 miles of pipe lines are used in convey- 
ing the fuel to the manufacturing establishments and house- 
holds, which, if laid in a continuous line, would reach from 
New York to Chicago. Natural gas has been found for 
many years back in Western Pennsylvania, in boring for 
salt water and petroleum, and is said to have been utilized 
in China many centuries ago, and in more modern 
days low pressure gas springs have been, in a few cases, 
utilized for lighting purposes in the Rhenish province of 
Germany. In Fredonia, N. Y., it was used for illuminating 
purposes as early as 1821. It seems somewhat singular 
that this valuable fuel having been known to the manufac- 
turers of Pittsburgh for half a century, and obtainable at 
the very door of the city, yet having been unutilized until 
only a few years since. The first practical utilization of 
natural gas in Pennsylvania was in the oil regions, where it 
was adopted for fuel under boilers and also used as an 
illuminant. In 1875, two iron manufacturing firms of this 
city utilized the gas by piping it direct to the furnaces, but 
these experiments, though successful, were not until 1884 
made general, when it was not only introduced into 
factories, mills, etc., but dwellings, and was used for every 
purpose for which coal was formerly employed, displacing 
at this time 10,000 tons of coal per day, and while the 



38 

people of Pittsburgh delighted in the name of the 
" Smoky City," they now rejoice in the change that the 
gas fuel has produced, not only in the appearance of the 
city, but the economy of the fuel, which is a great saving 
to manufacturing interests. In household usage, its cleanli- 
ness, convenience and saving of labor could hardly be esti- 
mated, and has given to our cities advantages which other 
cities not so highly favored, are unable to compete with. 



The most important industries are mentioned, showing the 
products for the year. 

IROE" AI^D STEEL. 



From which the title of "The Iron City" was derived, 
which is the proud metropolis of an industrial empire. 

The beginning of the manufacture of iron in Western 
Pennsylvania, and the first furnace built, dates back to 1790. 
It was then located at what is now known as Shady Side. 
A rolling mill was erected in 1811. 

The exact date at which the manufacture of steel was 
first attempted in Pittsburgh, is uncertain 

There are now 25 blast furnaces ; these, with the 27 steel 
works and 33 rolling mills, constitute our leading industries. 

The capital invested in these great enterprises is 
$56,845,000, over one-fourth of the entire capital represented 
in the two cities. 38,935 persons are employed, paying 
yearly in wages $20,265,264 ; received and forwarded, 
12,007,538 tons. 

The following condensed statement of the iron and 
steel interests will show the marvelous extent of the industry 
as measured in the product : 

Pig iron - 1,497,786 tons. 

Rails, bar, angle, rod, bolt and hoop iron . . . 538,660 '' 

Sheet and plate iron 126,191 " 

Crucible steel ingots 53,122 " 

All other steel, including Bessemer 1,394,798 " 

Total 3,610,557 " 



39 

For making the pig iron above mentioned it required : 

Ore 2,300,000 tons. 

Coke 1,200,000 " 

Limestone 600,000 " 

Total 4,100,000 " 

In addition to the pig iron manufactured in the city, 
most of which is consumed here, it is fair to estimate that 
700,000 tons are brought here to be manufactured into 
higher forms. 

To further show the importance of these industries 
(iron and steel), it may be stated that the output of the 
entire United States and Pennsylvania alone in 1890 was 
as follows : 

United States. Pennsylvania. 

Pig iron 10,307,028 4,945,169 tons. 

Polled iron in all forms 2,820,377 1,479,318 " 

Steel of all kinds crude 4,790,319 3,055,126 " 

Steel rails 2,095,996 1,470,490 " 

Totals .20,013,720 10,950,103 " 

Thus showing that Pittsburgh produced nearly one-fifth 
(i), or 20 per cent., of the entire amount in the United 
States and over one-third (i), or 33 per cent., of Pennsyl- 
vania — Pennsylvania being over one-half (i), or 50 per 
cent., of the output in the United States. 

To still further show the wonderful development of the 
iron and steel industry, we give the following, kindly fur- 
nished by Mr. James M. Swank, general manager of the 
American Iron and Steel Association : 

"Allegheny county is well known as the leading iron 
and steel producing county of the United States. It has 
long occupied this position. The following table gives the 
production of iron and steel since 1874 in net tons : " 



40 
Blast Furnaces and Steel Works. 













All other Steel, 






Number 




Number 


Crucible 


Including 


Total Make of 


YEARS. 


of Blast 


Net Tons. 


of Steel 


Steel Ingots 


Bessemer Ingots 


Steel. 




Furnaces. 




Works. 


Net Tons. 


Net Tons. 


Net Tons. 


1874 


11 


143,660 


11 


17,915 


6,000 


23,915 


1875 


11 


131,856 


14 


22,942 


15,498 


38,440 


1876 


11 


128,555 


14 


25,009 


54.467 


79,476 


1877 


12 


141,749 


14 


24,747 


82,401 


107,148 


1878 


12 


217,299 


14 


27,866 


106,948 


134,814 


1879 


13 


267,315 


18 


40,142 


130,781 


170,923 


1880 


15 


300,497 


17 


52,136 


169,819 


221,955 


1881 


15 


385,453 


17 


61,256 


247,345 


308,601 


1882 


16 


358,840 


18 


59,596 


258,501 


318,097 


1883 


16 


592,475 


20 


59,128 


346,402 


405,530 


1884 


17 


487,055 


22 


38,885 


289,376 


328,261 


1885 


17 


585,696 


24 


42,139 


364,905 


407,044 


1886 


18 


737,124 


26 


58,208 


561,550 


619,758 


1887 


20 


897,849 


26 


60,393 


761,038 


821,431 


1888 


20 


890,569 


, 27 


54,124 


698,315 


752,439 


1889 


21 


1,293,435 


27 


55,83 1 


1,049,742 


1,105,573 


1890 


25 


1,497,786 


27 


53,122 


1,394,798 


1,447,920 



Rolling Mills. 



YEARS. 


Number 

of Rolling 

Mills. 


1874 


31 


1875 


31 


1876 


31 


1877 


31 


1878 


3: 


1879 


32 


1880 


30 


1881 


30 


1882 


31 


1883 


32 


1884 


31 


1885 


31 


1886 


30 


1887 


31 


1888 


31 


1889 


33 


1890 


33 



Product of Iron, Product of Iron, 
Rails, Bar, Sheet & Plate, 
Angle. Bolt, Except 

Rod and Hoop. I Nail HIate 
Tons. Tons. 



194,114 
171,178 
189,511 
208,342 
226,687 
286,882 
287,253 
405,119 
336,628 
367,106 
318,813 
315,810 
414,116 
501,291 
453,093 
499,044 
538,660 



52,361 

45,773 

31,488 

30,254 

33,445 

52,265 

80,899 

75,767 

71,038 

73,850 

68,669 

88,178 

125,663 

152,522 

141,245 

139,206 

126,191 



Product of Total Rolled 
Iron Nails. Iron, 

Kegs, llncluding Nails. 
100 Pounds. Net Tons. 



562,995 
442,359 
538,874 
597,806 
444,013 
294,942 
419.098 
485,916 
459,228 
627,896 
459,512 
176,258 
73,691 
8,000 



4,000 



274,625 
239,069 
247,943 
268,486 
282,333 
353,894 
389,107 
505,182 
430,627 
472,351 
410,457 
412,801 
543,434 
654,213 
594,338 
638,450 
664,851 



Product of 
Steel Nails. 

Kegs, 
100 Pounds. 



47,750 
269,410 
232,762" 
169,765 

52,536 



41 

Foundries. 

The first iron foundry was established 1803. With the 
growth of Pittsburgh, the foundry business has gradually 
developed until it may now be classed as among the great 
industries. There are thirty-eight establishments, with a 
total cupola capacity of 190,000 tons of metal, employing 
3,778 hands, and paying in wages $1,697,387 per year, using 
125,000 tons pig iron annually. Capital invested is 
$5,076,600, material in and shipments out will reach 225,020 

tons. 

Malleable Iron. 

Quite a trade has been established in this line— invest- 
ment is $300,000 ; 563 persons are employed, whose wages 
are $288,337 per year. Tonnage in and out is 55,140. 

Railroad Spikes. 

This is a division of the iron trade. In it $400,000 is 
invested, 500 hands employed, paying annually in wages, 
$372,000. Tonnage, 175,000 ; 588,000 kegs of spikes were 
made during the year. 

Bolts and Nuts. 

This is carried on in six works. The production of this 
form of iron dates back forty years Capital invested is 
$462,000, employing 222 hands, whose wages will reach 
$124,498. Tonnage, 42,700. 

Tube Works. 
Allegheny county has led the world in the manufacture 
of pipe. Seven works are engaged in the enterprise, with a 
capital of $2,500,000, employing 3,500 persons, wages 
amounting to $1,175,000 per annum. 

Bridge Works. 
Bridge building was established here thirty years ago; 
there are five firms in this line who make the building of 



42 

bridges almost their exclusive work. Capital, $1,200,000, 
1,300 hands employed, wages $650,000 per year. Tonnage, 
32,000. 

Locomotive Works. 

231 standard and narrow gauge engines M^ere turned 
out during the year, ranging in weight from five to sixty- 
five tons ; capacity of the works, 400 locomotives per annum. 
The business was originally started in 1860. Capital 
invested, $551,000, employing 1,025 persons, whose wages 
reach $558,000 per year. Shipments in and out, 33,000 tons. 

Shovel Manufacturers. 
170 persons are employed in this line of business, 
whose wages amount to $120,000; capital invested, $375,000. 
900,000 shovels were made during the year. Shipments, 
4,000 tons. 

Stoves and Ranges. 

The firms doing business in this line have a capital of 
$575,000; they employ 700 hands, paying annually, $350,000 
in wages. Tonnage, 50,000. 

Machinists. 
Forty-nine firms are engaged in this branch of trade. 
Capital represented amounting to $1,345,000 ; 587 hands 
employed, wages $295,378 per year. Tonnage, 6,500. 

Engine Building. 
This business is carried on extensively by thirty-one 
firms — one firm alone turning out 1,800 engines, equal to 
80,000 horse power. The capital invested is $2,000,000. 
1,430 persons employed, the wages paid being $733,000 per 
annum. Tonnage, 16,500. 

Boilers and Tanks. 
This enterprise is carried on by a number of firms, with 
a capital of $2,375,000, 1,330 employees, paying yearly in 
wages, $655,000. Shipments in and out will reach 19,000 
tons. 



43 

Agricultural Works. 

Chief among this class of manufacture are plows; there 
are two firms who represent a capital of $250,000, engage 200 
hands, paying them yearly $90,000. 

Hardware. 

Fift3''-seven retail and nine wholesale firms are engaged 
in this line of trade; the capital is $1,248,240, with 447 
employees, whose wages per year reach $257,457. Shipments 
in and out reach 20,000 tons. 

Wire Works. 

In this industry $300,000 is invested, employing 270 
hands, wages per annum being $135,000. Shipments in 
and out, 40,000 tons. 

Spring Works. 

Elliptic and spiral springs are manufactured on a large 
scale ; was started here twenty-five years ago. The firms 
engaged in this trade represent $500,000, employing 250 
hands, and paying them $125,000 per annum. Shipments 
in and out, 15,000 tons. 

Chain Manufacture. 

Four firms represent this line of trade with a capital of 
$100,000, and employing 300 hands, whose wages are equal 
to $150,000 per year. 



OOPPEE A^D BRASS. 



Copper. 
Pittsburgh enterprise first discovered the copper region 
of Lake Superior in 1844, and established the copper rolling 
business here in 1849. The capital represented at present 



44 

time is $810,000, employing 140 hands, paying in wages per 
annum, $128,971. Shipments in and out, 33,300 tons; 
manufactured and disposed of during the year, 12,000 tons 
ingot copper, 110 tons tin, 125 tons lead, 150 tons spelter. 

Brass. 

This is among the old time industries, and dates back 
to 1810. Capital invested is $984,400, employing 595 hands, 
paying $406,440 per year in wages. Shipments in and out, 
11,200 tons, and consuming annually 500 tons copper, 400 
tons scrap brass, 200 tons lead, 100 tons tin and 200 tons 
zinc. 

Artistic Brass Goods. 

This branch of trade is a new feature in our industries, 
producing especially "artistic brass goods "that will meet 
the higher requirements in brass work. Material consumed 
in the manufacture of this high class of goods was 233,000 
pounds sheet brass, 150,000 pounds brass tubes and molding, 
75,000 pounds brass castings, all of which equal $90,000 in 
value. Capital invested, $100,000 ; 175 hands are employed 
at annual wages of $65,000. Shipments in and out, 8,000 
tons. 

COKE. 



Coke was made in this country seventy-three years ago, 
and is now one of the great industries in the United States, 
and ranks among the first in point of magnitude and im- 
portance. We have the most important coke producing 
centre in the United States, and one of two (the Durham, 
England, being the other) in the world. The production of 
the Connellsville and Pittsburgh district is fully 65 per cent, 
of all coke made in the Union. 

As an evidence of the importance of the industry, it is 
only necessary to state that the coke has built up the great 
pig iron trade of Allegheny county, which to-day is the 
great pig iron centre of the country. 



45 

The coke regions originally contained 72,000 acres of 
coal land ; there are yet about 55,000 acres unmined. 16,000 
ovens are in operation with an annual capacity of 11,000,000 
tons of coke, requiring 431,900,000 bushels of coal, or 
16,400,000 tons. To cool the product of these ovens it will 
take 5,000,000 gallons of water daily. 

16,200 hands are employed, whose wages per annum are 
$6,480,000. The production of coke for 1890 was 7,500,000 
tons, consuming 300,000,000 bushels of coal, equal to 
11,392,405 tons. 



COAL. 



As to the coal industry, there is no subject more fascin- 
ating or productive of greater pleasure than the study of 
the growth, the progress and the future of this trade. Coal 
is not now mined in one State, but all over the United 
States, and while it is mined in 27 out of the 44 States of 
the Union, Pennsylvania is the banner State (as per the 
census bulletin in 1889) ; 36,174,087 tons were mined, being 
nearly 40 per cent, of the entire production of the United 
States ; Allegheny, Westmoreland, Fayette and Washington 
counties producing 20,650,710 tons, being over 50 per cent, 
of what was produced in Pennsylvania. A¥hile in 1890 the 
production of Pennsylvania was 42,802,173 tons, the coun- 
ties above mentioned produced 22,434,624 tons. 

The bituminous coal field, by which Pittsburgh is sur- 
rounded, is estimated about 10,000 square miles, of which a 
large proportion is at our very door. AVith our unsurpassed 
facilities for sliipping (river and rail) coal is sent to all 
parts of the country. For gas or steam purposes it is un- 
equaled in this or any other country. 

126 mines are operated, employing 15,000 persons, 
whose wages will reach $6,500,000 per annum. The produc- 
tion for 1890 was 10,085,085 tons, equal to 265,573,801 



46 

bushels, of which 120,000,000 bushels were from the river 
mines, 98,000,000 bushels being shipped to southern 
markets, the balance, 22,000,000 bushels, was used in the 
local trade. The rail coal, about 90 per cent., was shipped 
to foreign markets. 

Coal shipped to Cincinnati, Louisville and southern 
points 1887, 56,877,000 bushels; 1888, 109,849,000 bushels; 
1889, 68,055,000 bushels; 1890, 98,000,000 bushels. 



GLASS. 



The first window glass manufacture in the United 
States was established in Pittsburgh in 1795 ; in 1802 the 
first flint glass works. From that time to the present Pitts- 
burgh has made rapid strides, and to-day is acknowledged 
the centre of the glass manufacture. The product from the 
tableware factories are not behind in the least of the most 
famous foreign artifices. The manufacture of lamp chim- 
neys occupies an important place in the general industry 
in this class. Pittsburgh furnishes seventy-five to eighty 
per cent, of the lamp chimneys used in this country. 

There are twenty-three firms with forty-three furnaces 
engaged in the production of flint and lime glassware, their 
specialties ranging from the highest forms of ornamental 
and table glassware to prescription vials, including such 
novelties as glass cloth, feather, etc. Of the entire pro- 
duction of pressed glass in the United States nearly one- 
half is made in Pittsburgh and three-fourths within a 
radius of one hundred miles of Pittsburgh. The factories 
receive 27,600 tons of material and turn out 23,000 tons 
of tableware per annum. One firm alone made during 
the year 18,552,000 tumblers. 

The production of the window glass factories with their 
416 pots, the output of each pot being 3,400 boxes of fifty 
feet to each box, was a total of 1,414,400 boxes, equal to 



47 

70,720,000 feet, or over 50,000 tons ; material received, 
45,000 tons. Pittsburgh yields in this line twenty-five 
per cent, of the entire production of the United States. 

The number of lamp chimneys made during the year 
will reach 40,000,000. In glass bottles the yearly consump- 
tion shows a marked increase, but the capacity of our local 
factories is still equal to the demand, which calls for 
60,000,000 bottles and vials. 

The combined capital represented is $3,345,000 ; 8,048 
hands are employed, whose wages are $4,566,347 per annum. 
Shipments in and out are 436,240 tons. 



PLATE G-LASS. 



Pittsburgh is having extraordinary success in this 
specialty, and the production of plate glass is equal to the 
foreign plate glass. It is claimed the largest plate glass 
works in the world is located here. This industry, while 
only established a few years ago with a capacity of 50,000 
square feet per month, has increased to 800,000 square feet, 
equal to nearly 10,000,000 square feet per annum. The 
material used and product shipped out will equal 75,000 
tons. Capital represented is $5,000,000, employing 3,200 
hands, paying yearly, in wages, $1,750,000. Out of the 
eleven firms in this great enterprise in the Union seven 
are in business in Pittsburgh and vicinity. In great public 
buildings, at our National capital, at our State capitals and 
in our great cities American plate glass bears witness to 
the marvelous development of this industry. Heretofore 
plate glass was imported, now the United States make 
more than one-half of the amount used. 



TAJSr^ERIES. 



Pittsburgh takes the lead in the markets of the United 
States for certain kind of leather, i. e., the Pittsburgh har- 



48 

ness leather, which is the standard. The making of Ijeather 
is an old established industry here, and dates back to 1807. 
During this year seven tanneries were in operation. While 
the increase does not seem large, the volume of business 
has increased to a gratifying extent. Fourteen establish- 
ments are now in operation, all are large and hold a promi- 
nent position among the important manufacturing concerns 
of the city. 

Capital invested is $2,475,000 ; hands employed, 1,000, 
whose wages per year are $373,000 ; shipments in and out, 
132,513 tons ; capacity, 1,700,000 sides of leather per an- 
num ; leather produced during the year, 733,000 sides, using 
6,500 cars of bark. 



HAEI^ESS MAE^UFAOTURE. 



A number of firms are engaged in this trade with a 
capital of $600,000. They employ 100 hands and pay them 
yearly $50,000. 



BREWERIES. 



The brewing of ale in Pittsburgh dates back to 1795, 
in an establishment located near the Point; this was followed 
by other establishments, until now we have 20 large, elegantly 
equipped and extensive plants, whose capital is $5,901,000, 
and give employment to 1,012 persons, whose wages per 
annum amount to $652,711. Shipments in and out, 130,000 
tons. The capacity is 1,390,000 barrels per annum — 
765,493 barrels of ale, beer and porter were made during the 
year, using in the manufacture, 1,399,876 bushels malt, 
6,617,379 pounds of rice, and 876,361 pounds of hops. 




Court House. 



49 
DISTILLERIES. 



Capital invested, $1,000,000 ; employees, 138 ; wages 
per annum, $100,000. Shipments in and out, 17,000 tons. 
Grain used, 459,000 bushels; staves, 850,000. In addition, 
1,130 cattle are fed, the value of which being $68,000. 



LIQUOE DEALERS. 



The wholesale and retail trade is represented by a 
capital of $3,127,000. 1,395 persons are employed, who 
receive per annum in wages, $520,000. 



LDMBER. 



This trade is o,ne of the important industries, and the 
lumber comes to the city both by river and rail. It is the 
centre of distribution, a large amount being cut on the 
Allegheny and its tributaries. In addition to this there is 
a large trade comes from the pineries of Michigan and 
Wisconsin. 

The saw mills, planing mills, cooperage and a number 
of other manufacturing establishments which utilize lumber 
as their raw material, use 125,000,000 feet per annum. The 
capital represented is $1,935,000, employing 1,415 hands, 
wages per annum, $676,435. Shipments in and out, 298,020 
tons. 1,270,000 boxes and 1,303,305 kegs were made 
during the year. 



TIIsT PLATE AI^D Ti:rsri^ERS' STOCK. 

Capital represented, $300,000, employing 150 persons, 
wages per year, $60,000. The manufacture of tin ware was 
established in Pittsburgh in 1839. 



50 



GALYA^IZIISTG. 



A large business is done in this line. The ca- 
pacity will reach 20,000 to 25,000 tons annually. In the 
preparation a large amount of spelter, sal. ammoniac, muri- 
atic and sulphuric acids and zinc are used. Capital, $50,000, 
employing 80 hands, wages per year, $39,617. Shipments 
in and out, 12,000 tons. 



LEAD ORE. 



Lead ore and base bullion from Colorado, Utah, Mon- 
tana and Idaho are brought here to be refined, and in con- 
sequence are among our industries ; lead, gold and silver 
may also be included. The freight on these ores and bullion 
alone amounts to $50,000 per annum. The product of the 
works is valued at $9,046,431.45 in lead, silver, gold and 
copper per year. Capital invested, $1,000,000 ; 135 hands 
are employed ; wages paid annually, $110,363. Capacity, 
35,000 tons lead and 12,000,000 ounces of silver. Shipments 
in and out, 28,564 tons. 



WHITE AND OXIDE LEADS. 



This branch of trade is among the oldest in the city, 
having been established as early as 1810. Pittsburgh is the 
pioneer in this industry. The Pittsburgh brands of white 



51 

lead have a high reputation for quality extending from 
Maine to California. The establishments corrode about 
8,000 tons of lead a year, and in addition make from 3,000 
to 4,000 tons of oxide of lead, and use 192,000 gallons of 
linseed oil, producing 600,000 kegs of white lead, each 
containing twenty-five pounds; in addition the works pre- 
pare several million pounds of mixed paint yearly. Capital 
invested, $2,000,000 ; 440 hands are employed, paying in 
wages $215,000 yearly. Shipments in and out, 20,000 tons. 



YAENISH Al^D lEOlNT PAII^T WORKS. 



Capital invested, $200,000. 180 persons are employed, 
whose wages are $90,000 per year. Shipments in and out, 
15,000 tons. 100,000 barrels of paint and 50,000 barrels of 
varnish are manufactured. 



CHEMICALS. 



Seven establishments are engaged in the manufacture 
of chemicals — sulphuric, muriatic and nitric acids, and 
aqua ammonia are made. Capital represented, $1,250,000, 
employing 300 hands, who receive in wages $150,000 per 
year. Shipments in and out, 30,400 tons. 



CRUCIBLE ma:n^ufacture. 



Three firms carry on this line of trade with a combined 
capital of $160,000, employing 90 hands, paying in wages 
$40,000 per year. Shipments in and out, 14,000 tons. 



52 

GROCERY TRADE.' 



The standing of the grocery business in Pittsburgh 
is beyond dispute, and is well deserved, as it is seldom 
a failure is heard of in this branch of trade. This 
shows a solidity, financial strength and business ability 
that is unequaled in any other city. Pittsburgh first 
introduced roasted coff'ee, now a leading article in the 
grocery trade. There are at present twenty-six wholesale 
and a large number of retail dealers in this line. Capital, 
$6,760,000, employing 3,861 persons, paying yearly in wages 
$2,123,550. Shipments in and out, 144,250 tons. 50,000,- 
000 pounds of coffee are roasted per year; the entire amount 
of coffee handled will reach 450,000 bags of roasted and 
green. The tea market is extensive; the wholesale trade 
handle 1,000,000 pounds. 



DRY GOODS. 



Dry goods is an old time institution in Pittsburgh. In 
1807 there were 51 mercantile stores, now we have 17' 
wholesale and 133 retail dry goods establishments. 

In the mercantile branches of industry carried on in 
Pittsburgh there is none in which the advance, both in 
volume of the business and the ability of the houses engaged 
to fill the requirements of the increase, is more marked than 
the dry goods trade. 

Capital represented, $4,883,000, employing 2,218 per- 
sons, paying in wages, per annum, $1,235,565. Shipments 
in and out, 12,500 tons. 

MILLIJ^ERY AI^D NOTIOI^S. 



The firms representing this class of trade make it their 
special business to cater to the public, and carry an exten- 
sive line of imported and American millinery goods, laces, 



ribbons, flowers, trimmings, etc., in great variety. Capital, 
$1,305,000, employing 1,451 persons, whose wages are 
$779,750 per annum. 



OLOTHIIi^G. 



The manufacture and sale of clothing is one of the 
many industries, and one that may be classed as having 
made considerable progress. Capital, $2,110,000, employing 
820 persons; amount paid in wages, yearly, $471,000. 



MEWS FJJBl^lSUmG GOODS. 



There are quite a number of firms in this branch. 
Capital, $800,000, employing 400 persons, whose wages 
amount to $200,000 per annum. 



CARPETS AI^D OIL CLOTHS. 



There are a number of firms in this line ; they carry 
large stocks, including every description of goods in this 
branch, viz : wiltons, moquettes, body brussels, tapestry, 
ingrains and oriental carpets, and oil cloths of all kinds. 
Capital, $1,335,000, employing 551 persons, whose wages 
are $273,895 per annum. Shipments in and out, 13,000 tons. 



HATS AISTD CAPS. 



There are five wholesale and twenty-six retail establish- 
ments in this trade, whose capital is $335,000, employing 
130 persons, wages per annum, $65,000. 



54 

BOOTS AIsD SHOES. 



This branch is represented by nine wholesale firms, 
and a large number of retail houses, with a capital of 
$1,293,000, employing 593 hands, paying in wages, yearly, 
$293,000. 



CHn^A A^D GLASSWAEE. 



Thirty firms represent this branch of trade, with a 
capital of $300,000, employing 100 persons, paying out in 
wages, yearly, $50,000. 



OARHIAGE MAl^UFAOTURE. 



The production of the various raw materials, viz : iron, 
steel and wood for construction, leather, paints and var- 
nishes, all in ample supply, places us in good position for 
the building of vehicles ; no place is better fitted, nor can 
a superior quality of goods in this line be turned out else- 
where. Capital, $590,000, employing 245 hands, wages per 
annum being $123,000. 



MUSIC. 



Pittsburgh is an important centre for the sale of pianos 
and organs; the business is conducted by a number of 
prominent and prosperous houses, with a capital of $800,000; 
175 persons are employed, whose wages per annum is $75,000. 
Shipments in and out, 1,000 tons. 4,000 to 5,000 pianos 
and organs sold during 1890. 



55 

FLOEISTS. 



Pittsburgh is considered one of the best markets in the 
United States for this class of trade. Thirty firms are en- 
gaged in growing or selling plants and cut flowers. Three or 
four of these firms grow fruit and ornamental trees, ever- 
greens and small fruit in addition. $1,000,000 is invested 
in this enterprise. 150 persons are employed, wages per 
annum, $65,000. Value of sales per annum, $400,000. 



PRIl^TIIi^'G, STATIOJ^EEY AKD BOOK 
BIISTDII^G. 



Printing in Pittsburgh dates back to 1786, when the 
first number of the Pittsburgh Gazette was issued. Book 
binding goes back to 1801. Sixty firms now represent this 
line of trade with a capital of $600,000, employing 1,270 
hands, paying yearly in wages, $649,500. Shipments in 
and out, 7,000 tons. 



DRUG TRADE. 



This branch of trade in Pittsburgh dates from 1815, at 
which time there were five drug firms. The trade has grown 
with the city's growth, and now we have five wholesale 
and 175 retail establishments. The wholesale houses are 
properly ranked with the best in the country, and the 
retail stores, in the elegance of their display and general 
facilities for doing business, are second to none in the 
Union. Combined capital, $1,010,000, employing 432 per- 
sons, whose wages per annum is $244,000. 



56 

PICKLE MAISTUFACTUEE. 



We can claim the largest establishment in this line in 
the United States, if not in the world. The capital repre- 
sented in this trade i^ $600,000. 1,000 hands are employed, 
whose wages are $3.00,000 per annum. Shipments in and 
out, 45,600 tons. During 1890, 7,900,000 bottles of pickles 
were put up. One firm alone uses the product of over 4,000 
acres of land annually, own and wor"k 103 horses and 65 
wagons and vehicles, use over 4,000 barrels of granulated 
sugar yearly, and 40,000 gross of bottles. 



JEWELRY 



Eastern manufacturers and importers assert that more 
fine jewelr}'^, diamonds, silverware and bric-a-brac is sold in 
Pittsburgh than any other place in the Union with double 
the population. 

Nine wholesale and sixty-three retail establishments 
represent this line, with a capital of $2,023,000, employing 
353 persons, whose wages per annum are $208,000. 



PAPER AI^D PAPER SACKS. 

Six firms are engaged in the manufacture of paper 
sacks, representing a capital of $400,000 ; they employ 165 
hands, paying yearly in wages, $81,000. 25,000,000 sacks 
were made during 1890. 75,000,000 paper sacks were made 
and used in the United States during 1890, of which Pitts- 
burgh put out 33 per cent, of the total amount. 



ICE. 

$425,000 is invested in this line of trade ; 66 hands 
employed, paying in wages $33,000. Ice sold during 1890, 
32,500 tons. 



COEK. 

The largest cork factory in the world is located here. 
The material is brought from Spain, Portugal and Africa. 
1,100 hands are employed, whose wages per annum are 
$250,000. $1,500,000 is invested in this enterprise. 1,000 
car loads of cork and other supplies are received, and 1,200 
cars of manufactured cork, cork waste and other merchandise 
are handled during the year. Capacity, 900,000,000 corks 
and 3,600,000 cork soles per annum. This line of trade, 
from a small beginning in a small room on Smithfield 
street in 1860, has grown to the above proportion. 



FIRE BRICK. 



The growth of this trade has been steadily upward — 
63,300,000 brick were made in 1890. The capacity of the 
w^orks is 95,000,000 bricks per annum. Capital, $1,990,000. 
1,285 hands are employed, whose wages per annum are 
$617,880. The material received and shipped out is 43,300 
tons. ^___ 

BVILDTNGr BRICK. 



This industry is carried on by a large number of firms. 
Capital invested will reach $550,000; 875 hands are employed, 
paying annually in wages, $350,000. Shipments in and 
out, 30,000 tons. 

' FLOUR MILLS. 



The establishments engaged in this line of trade have 
a capacity of 2,000 barrels per day, equal to 100,000 bushels 
wheat. Capital represented, $800,000. 150 hands are em- 
ployed, w^ages per annum being $75,000. 

Wheat used during 1890, 750,000 bushels, equal to 
148,000 barrels of flour. Shipments in and out, 40,000 tons. 



58 
PRODUCE AIsTD GRAIl^. 



The business transacted in this line is large, not only 
in local consumption but in the re-shipment in the trade 
territory of the city. It might also be classed among the 
early industries. 108 firms, wholesale and retail, are 
engaged in the business, representing a capital of $1,750,000, 
employing 347 hands, paying in wages yearly $175,500. 
Shipments in and out, 329,342 tons. Actual value of 
merchandise handled during the year was $9,528,614. 

Their transactions as illustrated -by the statement given 
below, kindly furnished by the superintendent of the Grain 
and Flour Exchange, shows the amount of flour, grain, etc., 
handled during the year : 

Handled. Value. 

Flour 523,545 barrels, $2,617,725 

Wheat 1,408,715 bushels, 1,408,715 

Rye 585,270 '' 497,475 

Oats 4,283,400 '■• 2,141,700 

Corn 1,822,250 " 1,067,616 

Barley 661,760 " 512,864 

Hay 40,389 tons, 403,898 

Malt 11,282 " 597,300 

Mill Feed 15,342 " 276,155 

Straw 645 " 5,166 



SALT. 



As an article of trade, salt is one of the staples of Pitts- 
burgh. Six firms are now engaged in the manufacture of 
salt from water obtained within the limits of the city, from 
wells sunk to a depth of 1,500 to 2,000 feet, and produce 
250,000 barrels annually. Capital, $800,000. 1,200 hands 
employed, whose wages annually is $760,000. Shipments 
in and out, 15,000 tons. 



59 

POEK PACKING. 



Capital represented in this line is $1,200,000, number 
of hands employed, 300, wages per year, $150,000. 50,000 
hogs handled during the year ; in addition, hog products, 
viz: lard, hams, shoulders and sides. 



PASSEI^GER AED FREIGHT ELEYATOES. 



$100,000 is invested in this enterprise, so necessary now 
to the large and handsome buildings erected in our city. 
50 hands are employed, whose wages per annum is $30,000. 
Shipments in and out, 6,000 tons. 



OIL. 



Capital invested, $1,150,000; employing 700 hands' 
paying in wages $350,000 per annum. The amount of crude 
and refined oil, and refining product during the past year 
by the refineries of Pittsburgh will reach about 400,000 tons, 
equal to 2,000,000 barrels. For staves, headings and iron 
received to barrel the oil, 100,000 tons. 



FUEI^ITUEE, 



Quite a large number of firms are engaged in this trade. 
The furniture business includes quite a number of special- 
ties, such as the manufacture and sale of house furniture, 
chairs, show cases, and various other branches. Capital in- 
vested, $1,000,000. 500 persons employed, yearly wages 
being $264,741. 

PIOTUEES AND EEAMES, 

. The capital invested in this line is $400,000, employing 
100 hands, paying in wages per annum, $50,000. ' 



60 
BEUSH MAlSrUFAOTURE. 



There are ten factories in this branch of trade, repre- 
senting a capital of $110,000, employing 70 hands, paying 
yearly in wages, $35,000. Value of bristles runs from $1,000 
to $6,000 per ton. 



WALL PAPEE. 



$395,000 is represented in this branch of trade, which is 
carried on by 42 firms, employing 266 persons, whose wages 
annually amount to $150,600. 



OOl^FEOTIOJ^EET. 



The establishments in this line are equal to any in the 
Union. $863,000 is invested ; 611 hands employed, paying 
in wages, yearly, $312,406. 



SOAP. 



There are a number of firms engaged in this line of 
business. Capital, $300,000, employing 120 hands, whose 
wages amount to $58,200 per year. 



PLUMBLSTG Al^D GAS FITTIE'G. 



This is represented by a capital of $401,000, employing 
336 hands, wages, $122,500 per year. 



TOBACCO AISTD CIGAES. 



$700,000 is the capital represented in this line. • 500 
hands employed, wages being $200,000 per annum. 



61 
BUILDERS' SUPPLIES. 



In this important line of business $500,000 is invested, 
100 hands employed, wages being $50,000 per year. 250,000 
barrels of cement handled yearly, equal to $75,000,000 
pounds, or 37,500 tons. Shipments in and out will reach 
50,000 tons. 

CLOTHES WRIl^rGERS. 



Only one factory of this description in the city, capital 
$12,000 ; employing 60 hands, wages per annum, $15,000. 
During 1890, 100,000 wringers and 20,000 freezers were 
manufactured. 

BAKII^G POWDER. 



This branch of business dates back 25 years, commenc- 
ing in 1865 on a small scale ; now the capital represented is 
$125,000. 50 persons employed, paying in wages, $22,900 
per annum. 

MEROHAI^T TAILORIE'G. 



This trade is carried on extensively by a number of 
firms, who carry large stocks of goods and always keep up 
with the times. Capital represented, $550,000, employing 
800 persons, wages being $240,000 per annum. 



BUOOM FACTORIES. 



Eight firms make a specialty of this line. Capital, 
$75,000, employing 150 hands, wages $60,000 per annum. 
300 tons of broom corn used per annum, 125,000 dozen 
brooms manufactured. 



62 
LIIsrSEED OIL. 



There are three firms engaged in this line, with a capital 
of $150,000, employing 50 hands, paying annually $25,000. 
Shipments in and out, 5,000 tons. 



LITHOGEAPHK^G. 



This line of business was started in 1850, by Schuch- 
mann & Hannilein, with the very limited capital of 
$150 — two and one-half years later, Wagner, Beuchner 
& Mueller commenced business ; these two firms con- 
tinued for some years; in 1855, Krebs & Rrother started, 
located in the Singerly building on Third street, oppo- 
site the post office. In 1863, Otto Krebs, who succeeded 
Krebs & Brother, purchased the establishment of 
Schuchmann & Co., and is still in the business^ 
together with three other firms, the capital now being 
$75,000, employing 70 hands, whose wages will equal 
$35,000 per annum. 

LIGHTI^II^G EODS. 



A number of firms are engaged in this line of trade, 
with a capital of $53,000, employing 58 hands, whose wages 
amount to $23,200. 

CORDAGE AND TWINE. 



$124,000 is the capital represented in this business. 
123 hands are employed, whose wages will reach $55,080 per 
annum. Shipments in and out, 1,000 tons. 



BABBITTS METAL. 



Capital, $300,000, employing 50 hands, whose wages 
will reach $29,595 per annum. 



63 
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. 



There are a number of firms engaged in this line. 
Capital, $300,000 ; employees, 150; wages per annum, 
$65,000. 



AWNINGS, TENTS, Etc. 



Ten firms carry on this business, with a capital of 
$50,000, employing 75 hands, paying in wages per annum, 
$35,000. 

BOAT STORES. 



The firms engaged in this business represent a capital 
of $250,000, employing 40 persons, whose wages will reach 
$25,000. 

MARBLE AND GRANITE WORKS. 



$120,000 capital invested in this line of business, with 
200 hands, whose wages will reach $100,000 per annum. 



SAFE MANUFACTORIES. 



This business had its inception in 1840 ; the capital now 
is $130,000, number of hands employed, 150, whose wages 
will reach $75,000. 

SCRAP IRON. 



Capital invested, $200,000, number of employees, 150, 
whose wages will reach $75,000! 



AXLES. 

$70,000 invested in this line of business, employing 150 
hands, whose wages will reach $75,000 per annum. 



64 
BELLS. 



This business was established in 1832, and Pittsburgh 
bells are well known in almost all parts of the country. 
Capital, $40,000, employing 50 persons, wages per annum, 
$25,000. 

TOYS. 



Six wholesale and a number of retail firms are engaged 
in this business, representing a capital of $250,000, employ- 
ing 50 hands, whose wages will reach $20,000. 



OPTICAL GOODS. 



Capital invested, $50,000, hands employed, 30, wages 
per annum, $15,000. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 



The firms from whom we are unable to secure the 
necessary information, the capital has been estimated at 
$700,000, employing 700 persons, wages $350,000. Ship- 
ments in and out, 50,000 tons. 



SUMMARY. 



What we are : The tonnage is greater than that of any city 
in the Union. We possess the largest chimney factory ; a table- 
ware manufactory of the greatest capacity ; the largest plate 
glass works ; the largest crucible steel plant ; the most ex- 
tensive bessemer steel plant; the most wonderful cork works 
and the greatest pickle manufactory in the world. We pro- 
duce about 15 per cent, of the pig iron, 65 per cent, of the 
coke, one-half of the pressed glass, one-fourth of the window 
glass, one-half of the plate glass, 40 per cent, of the coal and 
one-third of the paper sacks in the United States. Financial 
standing of the best. Pittsburgh is truly a city to be proud 
of, and its record is beyond question. 



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